Research & References
Every study, paper, and source cited across my longform videos, in one searchable place. Find a reference, see which video used it — or start from a topic and follow the evidence.
✅ References current as of 7 August 2026 — 294 sources across 150 videos
294 references across 150 videos
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Murray, D., Lesser, M., & Lawson, W. (2005). Attention, monotropism and the diagnostic criteria for autism. Autism, 9(2), 139-156.
Foundational theory paper proposing 'monotropism' — the idea that autistic attention concentrates deeply on fewer interests — as a way of understanding autism.
2005 -
"The lived experience of meltdowns for autistic adults":
Peer-reviewed qualitative study exploring how autistic adults themselves describe and experience meltdowns.
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Fyfe et al. (2026). Male-to-female autism diagnostic ratio narrows with age. BMJ
BMJ study reporting that the gap between male and female autism diagnosis rates shrinks as people get older.
2026 -
JAMA Pediatrics (2026) — "Mortality Among Youth and Young Adults With ASD, ID, or Cerebral Palsy"
JAMA Pediatrics study examining death rates among young people with autism, intellectual disability, or cerebral palsy.
2026 -
et al. (2025), Autism 29(6), 1560-1573, N = 961
Peer-reviewed 2025 study of 961 people in the journal Autism, cited in a discussion of autistic 'safe foods' and eating experiences.
2025 -
Choi H et al. (2025), npj Digital Medicine 8:164. ADHD vs autism only AUROC 0.630, authors' words "low performance".
Study behind a digital autism screening tool that struggled to tell ADHD from autism, a result its own authors called low performance.
2025 -
Litman et al. (2025). Four autism subtypes. Nature Genetics:
Nature Genetics study identifying four distinct genetic subtypes of autism.
2025 DOI ↗ -
Hand et al. (2025) — "Citation Context Analysis of Autism Mortality and Suicide Findings From Hirvikoski's Landmark Study" — JAMA Network Open
JAMA Network Open analysis of how later papers have cited a landmark study's findings on autism mortality and suicide.
2025 -
Zubizarreta, Conde-Pumpido et al. (2025) — "The impact of camouflaging autistic traits on psychological and physiological stress: a co-twin control study" — Molecular Autism
Molecular Autism study comparing twins to test whether camouflaging (hiding) autistic traits raises psychological and physical stress.
2025 -
Nature Communications (2025) — News framing of aloneness as harmful. PMC11821820.
Nature Communications research on how news coverage frames being alone as harmful.
2025 -
WHO Commission on Social Connection (2025) — Global loneliness & mortality data.
World Health Organization commission report presenting global data on loneliness and its links to mortality.
2025 -
AARP (2025) — Loneliness in adults 45+, national survey.
National AARP survey measuring loneliness among adults aged 45 and older.
2025 -
The Guardian (2025) – Mental health TikTok investigation (52% misinformation)
Guardian investigation finding that 52% of mental-health content examined on TikTok contained misinformation.
2025 -
[FactCheck.org](). (2025, January). RFK Jr. Cites Flawed Paper Claiming Link Between Vaccines and Autism in HHS Confirmation Hearing.
FactCheck.org article debunking a flawed vaccine-autism paper that RFK Jr. cited during his HHS confirmation hearing.
2025 Source ↗ -
Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions. (2025, January 30). Nomination Hearing - Robert F. Kennedy Jr. for Secretary of HHS.
Official record of the January 2025 Senate hearing on Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s nomination as Secretary of Health and Human Services.
2025 -
(2024), Autism 28(11), 2897-2908
Peer-reviewed 2024 article in the journal Autism, cited in a discussion of autistic 'safe foods' and eating experiences.
2024 -
Suppression, authenticity, likeability: Birg & English (2024)
Study on suppressing autistic traits and how doing so relates to feeling authentic and being liked by others.
Cited in:
Is Masking Ruining Your Relationship? 2024 -
Lei et al. (2024). Camouflaging linked to anxiety/depression discrepancies
Research linking camouflaging (masking) of autistic traits to differences in anxiety and depression.
2024 -
McQuaid et al. (2024). Camouflaging, identity, and suicidality
Study examining how camouflaging autistic traits relates to identity and suicidality.
2024 -
Douglas & Sedgewick (2024). Experiences of interpersonal victimization and abuse among autistic people. Autism, 28(7):
Peer-reviewed study in the journal Autism on autistic people's experiences of interpersonal victimization and abuse.
2024 Source ↗ -
Ahlqvist VH et al. (2024). Acetaminophen in pregnancy & child neurodevelopment—sibling analysis. JAMA.
Large JAMA study using sibling comparisons to test whether taking acetaminophen (paracetamol) during pregnancy affects children's brain development.
2024 -
📝 Pearson A, Hodgetts S (2024) - "Comforting, Reassuring, and ... Hot" (the BDSM paper). doi.org/10.1089/aut.2022.0103
Peer-reviewed research exploring autistic adults' experiences of BDSM and kink, finding participants described it as comforting and reassuring.
2024 DOI ↗ -
Public Health Policy Journal. (2024). Vaccine Course - Science, Public Health Policy and the Law.
Vaccine-related publication from the journal Science, Public Health Policy and the Law, referenced in a critique of vaccine-autism research.
2024 -
YouTube Creator Academy. (2024). Vaccine Misinformation Policy: YouTube Community Guidelines.
YouTube's official community guidelines explaining the platform's policy on vaccine misinformation.
2024 -
Lisk, C., & Lawson, L. M. (2024). Investigating Human-Animal Interactions in Homes of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: a Mixed-Methods Approach. Society & Animals (published online ahead of print 2024).
Mixed-methods study in Society & Animals examining how autistic children interact with pets and animals at home.
2024 DOI ↗ -
Mandy, W., et al. (2024). Psychometric exploration of the RAADS-R with autistic adults: Implications for research and clinical practice. Autism Research.
Peer-reviewed study testing how well the RAADS-R, a common adult autism screening questionnaire, actually measures what it claims to measure.
2024 Source ↗ -
Routines, anxiety and family life: Shiloh et al. (2023), Children 10(4), 742
Study in the journal Children examining how routines relate to anxiety and everyday family life for autistic people.
2023 -
Kim JH et al. (2023), JAMA Network Open 6(12):e2347692. Retinal-photo deep ensembles; mean AUROC 1.00 for autism vs typical development.
JAMA Network Open study where AI analysing photographs of the retina distinguished autistic from non-autistic participants with near-perfect accuracy.
2023 -
O'Nions et al. (2023) — "Life expectancy and years of life lost for adults with diagnosed autism" — ~10 million UK GP records
Large study of around 10 million UK GP records estimating life expectancy and years of life lost among diagnosed autistic adults.
2023 -
Williams et al. (2023) — Autism & loneliness, Swansea University. *Autism.*
Peer-reviewed Swansea University study examining loneliness in autistic people.
2023 DOI ↗ -
Buecker et al. (2023) — Loneliness amplification in company, N=3,035. *Social Psychological and Personality Science.*
Study of over 3,000 people finding loneliness can feel even stronger when you are surrounded by other people.
2023 DOI ↗ -
Weinstein et al. (2023) — Chosen solitude & well-being, University of Reading. *Scientific Reports.*
University of Reading study in Scientific Reports on how solitude that people choose for themselves relates to well-being.
2023 -
Danvers, Sbarra & Mehl (2023) — Aloneness vs loneliness, University of Arizona. *J. Research in Personality.*
University of Arizona study distinguishing simply being alone from actually feeling lonely.
2023 -
Rodriguez et al. (2023) — Reframing solitude for lonely people, University of Michigan & Harvard. *J. Personality.*
Michigan and Harvard study on helping lonely people rethink time alone so solitude feels less negative.
2023 -
Aragon-Guevara et al. (2023) – TikTok autism information accuracy 10.1007/s10803-023-06084-6
Peer-reviewed study assessing how accurate the autism information shared on TikTok actually is.
2023 DOI ↗ -
📝 Torralbas-Ortega J et al. (2023) - Affectivity, sexuality, and autism spectrum disorder: qualitative analysis of the experiences of autistic young adults and their families. doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-05380-w
Qualitative study interviewing autistic young adults and their families about their experiences of affection, relationships, and sexuality.
2023 DOI ↗ -
Neurodivergent Insights. (2023). Borderline Personality Disorder and Autism.
Article from the Neurodivergent Insights website comparing borderline personality disorder and autism, and how the two can be confused.
2023 Source ↗ -
Association, DSM-5-TR (2022), Autism Spectrum Disorder F84.0
The official diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder from the American Psychiatric Association's DSM-5-TR manual.
2022 -
The same measure repeated eight years later: Akhtar, Dinishak & Frymiare (2022), Autism in Adulthood 4(3), 224-232
Follow-up study in Autism in Adulthood repeating an earlier measure eight years later to see how results held up over time.
2022 -
CDC (2022): autism prevalence about 1 in 31 (3.2%) of eight-year-olds across 16 US surveillance sites.
CDC surveillance data across 16 US sites estimating autism prevalence at about 1 in 31 eight-year-olds (3.2%).
2022 -
Jones et al. (2022). Multi-sensory environments. Cardiff University
Cardiff University research on multi-sensory environments, spaces designed around sensory experiences like light, sound, and touch.
2022 -
Cazalis, Reyes, Leduc & Gourion (2022). Evidence That Nine Autistic Women Out of Ten Have Been Victims of Sexual Violence. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience:
Peer-reviewed study reporting evidence that roughly nine out of ten autistic women surveyed had experienced sexual violence.
2022 DOI ↗ -
Gibbs et al. (2022). The Extent and Nature of Autistic People's Violence Experiences During Adulthood. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders:
Peer-reviewed study documenting how often, and in what forms, autistic people experience violence during adulthood.
2022 Source ↗ -
Doherty et al. (2022) — "Barriers to healthcare and self-reported adverse outcomes for autistic adults" — BMJ Open
BMJ Open study on the barriers autistic adults face in accessing healthcare and the harmful outcomes they report as a result.
2022 -
Pringsheim et al. (2022) – Functional tic-like behaviors increase 10.1002/mdc3.13873
Peer-reviewed report documenting a rise in functional tic-like behaviours, sudden tic-style movements not caused by a neurological tic disorder.
2022 DOI ↗ -
Rucklidge et al. (2022) – TikTok ADHD misinformation (52% misleading) 10.1177/07067437221082854
Peer-reviewed analysis finding that 52% of popular ADHD content on TikTok was misleading.
2022 DOI ↗ -
📝 Maggio M et al. (2022) - Sex and Sexuality in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Scoping
Scoping review summarising the existing research on sex and sexuality among people on the autism spectrum.
2022 -
University of Cambridge / Autistica. (2022). High Rate of Possible Undiagnosed Autism in People Who Died by [unaliving] [unaliving]
University of Cambridge and Autistica research finding a high rate of possible undiagnosed autism among people who died by suicide.
2022 Source ↗ -
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed., Text Revision). [DSM-V-TR]
The American Psychiatric Association's DSM-5-TR, the standard manual clinicians use to diagnose mental health and developmental conditions.
2022 -
Rogge, N. (2022). Exploring maximizing, satisficing, and minimizing tendencies in decision-making among autistic and neurotypical individuals. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 91, 101905.
Peer-reviewed study comparing decision-making styles, such as seeking the best option versus settling for good enough, in autistic and non-autistic people.
2022 -
Lilley, R., Lawson, W., Hall, G., Mahony, J., Clapham, H., Heyworth, M., Arnold, S. R., Trollor, J. N., Yudell, M., & Pellicano, E. (2022). ‘A way to be me’: Autobiographical reflections of autistic adults diagnosed in mid-to-late adulthood. Autism, 26(6), 1395-1408.
Interview study in the journal Autism exploring how autistic adults diagnosed in mid-to-late life reflect on and make sense of their diagnosis.
Cited in:
How an #actuallyautistic diagnosis feels 2022 DOI ↗ -
Autistic touch experiences are not two neat piles: MacLennan et al. (2021), In Our
Research by MacLennan and colleagues showing autistic people's experiences of touch are varied and nuanced, not a simple split between liked and disliked.
2021 -
Insistence on sameness and anxiety: Baribeau et al. (2021), British Journal of
Study by Baribeau and colleagues in a British psychiatry journal examining the link between insistence on sameness and anxiety in autistic people.
2021 -
DeGrave AJ, Janizek JD & Lee SI (2021), Nature Machine Intelligence 3:610. COVID X-ray models used dataset/source shortcuts, not disease.
Nature Machine Intelligence paper showing AI models reading COVID chest X-rays relied on dataset quirks rather than actual signs of disease.
2021 -
Camouflaging and gender review: Cook et al. (2021)
Review by Cook and colleagues of research on camouflaging (masking autistic traits) and how it relates to gender.
Cited in: Is Masking Ruining Your Relationship? 2021 -
The Lancet Commission on autism (2021), where "profound autism" comes from
Major Lancet expert commission report on autism care and research, notable as the origin of the term 'profound autism'.
2021 -
The Lancet Commission (2021). The future of care and clinical research in autism
The 2021 Lancet Commission report setting out recommendations for the future of autism care and clinical research.
2021 -
Hammoud et al. (2021) — Overcrowding, nature & loneliness, King's College London. *Scientific Reports.*
King's College London study in Scientific Reports examining how overcrowding and contact with nature relate to feelings of loneliness.
2021 -
NHS Service (2021) – RAADS-R follow-up effectiveness study 10.1155/2021/9974791
Peer-reviewed study following up how well the RAADS-R autism screening questionnaire performed in an NHS service.
2021 DOI ↗ -
Olvera et al. (2021) – TikTok tics phenomenon 10.1002/mdc3.13296
Peer-reviewed paper documenting the wave of sudden tic-like behaviours in young people linked to watching tic content on TikTok.
2021 DOI ↗ -
Guardian (2021) - DNRs on Autistic Patients
Guardian news report that do-not-resuscitate orders were imposed on COVID-19 patients with learning disabilities without proper consultation.
2021 Source ↗ -
NHS England (2021): 'Do not attempt CPR and people with a learning disability and or autism:
Official NHS England guidance on do-not-attempt-CPR decisions as they affect people with a learning disability and/or autism.
2021 Source ↗ -
Spann, M., et al. (2021). The prevalence and profile of autism in individuals born preterm: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 130, 376-385.
Systematic review and meta-analysis pooling studies on how common autism is among people who were born prematurely.
2021 -
Gribble, K., et al. (2021). The Effectiveness of RAADS-R as a Screening Tool for Adult ASD Populations. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders.
Peer-reviewed study evaluating how effective the RAADS-R questionnaire is at screening for autism in adult populations.
2021 Source ↗ -
Autism Research Journal. (2021). Anything but the phone! Communication mode preferences in the autism community. Journal of Autism Research.
Study of communication preferences in the autism community, whose title ('Anything but the phone!') reflects a strong preference against phone calls.
2021 -
Lai M et al. (2020), EClinicalMedicine 28:100588. Earlier small study (70 participants), AUROC 0.974.
Earlier, small medical AI study of just 70 participants that reported a near-perfect accuracy score (AUROC 0.974).
2020 -
Autistic burnout: Raymaker et al. (2020)
Foundational study by Raymaker and colleagues describing and defining autistic burnout based on autistic people's own accounts.
Cited in: Is Masking Ruining Your Relationship? 2020 -
Autistic-to-autistic communication: Crompton et al. (2020)
Research by Crompton and colleagues on how effectively autistic people communicate with other autistic people.
Cited in: Is Masking Ruining Your Relationship? 2020 -
📝 Weir, E, Allison, C, Baron-Cohen S (2020) - The sexual health, orientation, and activity of autistic adolescents and adults. doi.org/10.1002/aur.2604
Large peer-reviewed study by Cambridge researchers on the sexual health, orientation, and sexual activity of autistic adolescents and adults.
2020 DOI ↗ -
Palmer, E., et al. (2020). Testing adults by questionnaire for social and communication disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, in an adult mental health service population. BJPsych Open, 6(2), e31.
Peer-reviewed study testing questionnaire-based screening for autism and social communication disorders among adults using mental health services.
2020 Source ↗ -
Nobili, A., Glazebrook, C., & Bouman, W. P. (2020). Autistic traits in transgender adults. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50(10), 3489–3503.
Peer-reviewed study measuring how common autistic traits are among transgender adults.
2020 -
Warrier, V. et al. (2020). Elevated rates of autism and autistic traits in transgender and gender-diverse individuals. Nature Communications, 11, 3959.
Large Nature Communications study finding elevated rates of autism and autistic traits among transgender and gender-diverse people.
2020 -
University of Edinburgh. (2020). Autistic peer-to-peer information transfer is highly effective. [Research Study]
University of Edinburgh research finding that autistic people pass information to each other highly effectively, challenging deficit-based views of autistic communication.
2020 -
Leedham, A., Thompson, A. R., Smith, R., & Freeth, M. (2020). ‘I was exhausted trying to figure it out’: The experiences of females receiving an autism diagnosis in middle to late adulthood. Autism, 24(1), 135-146.
Interview study in the journal Autism on the experiences of women receiving an autism diagnosis in middle to late adulthood.
Cited in: How an #actuallyautistic diagnosis feels 2020 DOI ↗ -
Winkler JK et al. (2019), JAMA Dermatology 155(10):1135. Surgical pen marks raised false-positive melanoma calls (shortcut learning).
JAMA Dermatology study showing an AI skin-cancer model wrongly flagged melanoma when surgical pen marks appeared in images, an example of shortcut learning.
2019 -
Camouflaging measure (CAT-Q): Hull et al. (2019)
The paper behind the CAT-Q, a questionnaire designed to measure how much someone camouflages, or masks, their autistic traits.
Cited in: Is Masking Ruining Your Relationship? 2019 -
Alexithymia meta-analysis: Kinnaird et al. (2019)
A meta-analysis pooling studies on alexithymia — difficulty identifying and describing one's own emotions — as it occurs in autistic people.
Cited in: Is Masking Ruining Your Relationship? 2019 -
Gernsbacher & Yergeau, "Empirical failures of the claim that autistic people lack a theory of mind" (2019)
A review arguing that the evidence does not support the long-standing claim that autistic people lack a 'theory of mind'.
2019 -
Gernsbacher & Yergeau (2019). Empirical Failures of the Claim That Autistic People Lack a Theory of Mind. Archives of Scientific Psychology:
Peer-reviewed article documenting how studies claiming autistic people cannot understand others' minds have repeatedly failed to hold up empirically.
2019 Source ↗ -
Lai et al. (2019). Neural patterns of camouflaging in autistic women
Brain-imaging study examining the patterns of neural activity associated with camouflaging autistic traits in autistic women.
2019 -
Pfeiffer et al. (2019). Noise-attenuating headphones. American Journal of Occupational Therapy
Occupational therapy study examining noise-attenuating headphones as a support for people with auditory sensitivities.
2019 -
Camouflaging and suicidality: Cassidy et al. (2018)
Study of suicide risk in autistic adults that examined camouflaging autistic traits as a possible risk factor.
Cited in: Is Masking Ruining Your Relationship? 2018 -
Hedley et al. (2018) — 79% autistic adults report loneliness.
Study finding that 79% of autistic adults surveyed reported experiencing loneliness.
2018 -
Hull et al. (2018) – CAT-Q masking questionnaire development 10.1177/1362361319852831
The research describing the development of the CAT-Q, a standardised questionnaire for measuring masking of autistic traits.
2018 DOI ↗ -
Rynkiewicz, A., & Łucka, I. (2018). ASD in girls: Co-occurring psychopathology. Psychiatria Polska, 52(3), 497–506.
Polish psychiatry journal article on mental-health conditions that commonly co-occur with autism in girls.
2018 -
Thin-slice first impressions: Sasson et al. (2017)
Experiment on 'thin-slice' judgments — the snap first impressions people form of autistic individuals within seconds of meeting them.
Cited in: Is Masking Ruining Your Relationship? 2017 -
Hull et al. (2017, 2020). Masking/camouflaging research
A body of research by Hull and colleagues on masking and camouflaging — hiding or compensating for autistic traits in social settings.
2017 -
Guan & Li (2017) — "Injury Mortality in Individuals With Autism" — American Journal of Public Health, Vol 107, Issue 5
Public-health study in a major American journal examining death rates from injuries among autistic people.
2017 -
Hull, L. (2017). “Putting on My Best Normal”: Social Camouflaging in Adults with Autism Spectrum Conditions
Interview-based study in which autistic adults describe how and why they camouflage their autistic traits in social situations.
2017 -
Hull, L., Petrides, K. V., & Mandy, W. (2017). The female autism phenotype and ‘camouflaging.’ Autism.
Paper on the 'female autism phenotype' — the idea that autism can look different in women — and its link to camouflaging.
2017 -
Loomes, R., Hull, L., & Mandy, W. (2017). Male-to-female ratio in ASD: A review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(6), 466–474.
Meta-analysis pooling many prevalence studies to estimate the true ratio of autistic males to autistic females.
2017 -
"Neurotypical Peers are Less Willing to Interact with Those with Autism based on Thin Slice Judgments" Nature. Noah J. Sasson, Daniel J. Faso, Jack Nugent, Sarah Lovell, Daniel P. Kennedy2, & Ruth B. Grossman (2017)
Study finding that non-autistic people are less willing to interact with autistic people based on judgments formed in just seconds.
2017 -
Family accommodation in OCD, meta-analysis: Wu et al. (2016), Clinical Psychology
Meta-analysis of 'family accommodation' — the ways relatives adjust routines and behaviour around a family member's OCD symptoms.
2016 -
Lifetime mental health (79%): Lever & Geurts (2016)
Study reporting that 79% of autistic adults had experienced a mental-health condition at some point in their lives.
Cited in: Is Masking Ruining Your Relationship? 2016 -
Kanegae et al. (2016). Earmuffs effectiveness. Hong Kong J Occupational Therapy
Occupational therapy study testing how effective earmuffs are, cited in the context of managing sound sensitivity.
2016 -
Hirvikoski et al. (2016) — "Premature mortality in autism spectrum disorder" — British Journal of Psychiatry, Vol 208, Issue 3
Major psychiatric study documenting that autistic people die prematurely — earlier, on average, than the general population.
2016 -
BBC (2016) — "People with autism 'die younger', warns charity"
BBC news article covering a charity's warning that autistic people die younger on average than non-autistic people.
2016 -
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2016). Autism in Toddlers Born Very Preterm. Pediatrics, 137(2), e20151949.
Study in the journal Pediatrics on autism rates among toddlers who were born very prematurely.
2016 -
Bargiela, S., Steward, R., & Mandy, W. (2016). Late-diagnosed women with ASC: The female autism phenotype. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(10), 3281–3294.
Interview study of women diagnosed autistic later in life, exploring how autism presents in women and girls.
2016 -
Brosnan, M., Lewton, M., & Ashwin, C. (2016). Reasoning on the autism spectrum: A dual process theory account. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(6), 2115–2125.
Study applying 'dual process' theory — fast intuitive versus slow deliberate thinking — to how autistic people reason.
2016 -
Reducing accommodation as part of treatment: Thompson-Hollands et al. (2015)
Clinical research on making the reduction of accommodation — the ways others adjust around a person's symptoms — an explicit part of treatment.
2015 -
Autism and OCD overlap: Cadman et al. (2015), Autism Research 8(5), 477-485
Peer-reviewed study in the journal Autism Research examining how autism and obsessive-compulsive disorder overlap and co-occur.
2015 -
Michael Gill (2015). Already Doing It: Intellectual Disability and Sexual Agency. University of Minnesota Press
Academic book from University of Minnesota Press examining sexual agency among people with intellectual disabilities, arguing they are 'already' sexual beings with rights.
2015 -
Holt-Lunstad et al. (2015) — Loneliness meta-analysis (equivalent to 15 cigarettes/day)
Large meta-analysis finding that loneliness and social isolation increase mortality risk, an effect often compared to smoking 15 cigarettes a day.
2015 -
Frisch M, Simonsen J (2015). Ritual circumcision & ASD (Denmark cohort). JRSM.
Danish national cohort study in a Royal Society of Medicine journal examining whether ritual circumcision in boys is associated with later autism diagnosis.
2015 -
Morris BJ, Wiswell TE (2015). “‘Circumcision pain’ unlikely to cause autism.” JRSM.
Published rebuttal in the same medical journal arguing that pain from circumcision is unlikely to cause autism, countering the Danish cohort study.
2015 -
Anderson, Curtin, Must & Bandini (2014), Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and
Peer-reviewed article in an academic nutrition and dietetics journal, cited in a discussion of autism, OCD and eating-related behaviour.
2014 -
Sexual victimisation rates, 78% versus 47%: Brown-Lavoie, Viecili & Weiss (2014), Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 44(9), 2185-2196
Peer-reviewed study finding 78% of autistic adults reported sexual victimisation compared with 47% of non-autistic adults.
2014 -
📝 Brown-Lavoie S, et. al (2014) - Sexual Knowledge and Victimization in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders. doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2093-y
Peer-reviewed study examining sexual knowledge and rates of sexual victimisation among autistic adults compared with non-autistic peers.
2014 DOI ↗ -
Kreiser, N. L., & White, S. W. (2014). ASD in females: Overstating the gender gap? Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 17(1), 67–84.
Academic review asking whether the reported male-to-female gap in autism diagnoses is overstated, and examining how autism presents in females.
2014 -
Bauer AZ, Kriebel D (2013). Prenatal/perinatal analgesics & autism (ecological). Environmental Health.
Population-level (ecological) study exploring whether use of painkillers around pregnancy and birth correlates with autism rates.
2013 -
Kirkovski, M., Enticott, P. G., & Fitzgerald, P. B. (2013). Female gender in ASD. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(11), 2584–2603.
Peer-reviewed review summarising research on how autism is experienced and identified in women and girls.
2013 -
Baron-Cohen, S., Johnson, D., Asher, J., et al. (2013). Is synaesthesia more common in autism? *Molecular Autism*, 4(1), 40. [Link]()
Peer-reviewed study testing whether synaesthesia — blended senses, like seeing colours when hearing sounds — occurs more often in autistic people.
2013 DOI ↗ -
Neufeld, J., Sinke, C., Dillo, W., et al. (2013). The neuropsychology of autism and synesthesia. *Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders*, 43(5), 1022–1031. [Link]()
Peer-reviewed paper comparing the cognitive and neurological features of autism and synaesthesia to understand how the two conditions relate.
2013 -
Suppression in couples: Impett et al. (2012)
Psychology study on how suppressing emotions affects romantic couples and the quality of their relationships.
Cited in: Is Masking Ruining Your Relationship? 2012 -
Double empathy problem: Milton (2012)
Damian Milton's influential paper proposing the 'double empathy problem': misunderstanding between autistic and non-autistic people runs in both directions.
Cited in: Is Masking Ruining Your Relationship? 2012 -
Damian Milton, the double empathy problem (2012)
Milton's 'double empathy problem' work, which reframes autistic social difficulty as mutual misunderstanding between autistic and non-autistic people rather than a one-sided deficit.
2012 -
Milton (2012). On the ontological status of autism: the 'double empathy problem'. Disability & Society 27(6):
Milton's original peer-reviewed article in Disability & Society introducing the 'double empathy problem' of mutual misunderstanding between autistic and non-autistic people.
2012 DOI ↗ -
Eisenberger (2012) — Neural bases of social pain. *Psychosomatic Medicine.*
Neuroscience paper on how the brain processes social pain, such as the hurt of rejection and exclusion.
2012 -
Luke, L., Clare, I. C. H., Ring, H., Redley, M., & Watson, P. (2012). Decision-making difficulties experienced by adults with autism spectrum conditions. Autism, 16(6), 612–621.
Peer-reviewed study documenting the difficulties autistic adults report when making everyday decisions.
2012 -
Gernsbacher (2011), Disability Studies Quarterly 31(3)
Article by autism researcher Morton Ann Gernsbacher in Disability Studies Quarterly, an academic journal that approaches disability from a social and rights-based perspective.
2011 -
Stevenson, Harp & Gernsbacher (2011). Infantilizing Autism. Disability Studies Quarterly
Academic article on the infantilising of autistic people — the tendency to treat autistic adults as if they were children.
2011 -
RAADS-R: 97% sensitivity (2011) but no predictive validity in NHS clinic (2021)
Two contrasting findings about the RAADS-R autism questionnaire: near-perfect sensitivity in its original 2011 study, but no predictive validity when tested in an NHS clinic in 2021.
2011 -
Ritvo et al. (2011) – RAADS-R original validation 10.1007/s10803-011-1378-7
The original validation study of the RAADS-R, a self-report questionnaire designed to help identify autism in adults.
2011 DOI ↗ -
Ritvo, R. A., et al. (2011). The Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale-Revised (RAADS-R): A Scale to Assist the Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Adults: An International Validation Study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(8), 1076-1089.
International validation study of the RAADS-R self-report scale, developed to assist clinicians in diagnosing autism in adults.
2011 -
Gould, J., & Ashton-Smith, J. (2011). Missed or misdiagnosis? Girls and women on the autism spectrum. Good Autism Practice, 12(1), 34–41.
Practitioner journal article arguing that autistic girls and women are frequently missed or misdiagnosed because their traits present differently from boys.
2011 -
Allman, M. J., DeLeon, I. G., & Wearden, J. H. (2011). Psychophysical assessment of timing in individuals with autism. *American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities*, 116(2), 165–178. [Link]()
Peer-reviewed lab study measuring how autistic individuals perceive and judge time, using standard psychophysical timing tasks.
2011 DOI ↗ -
fMRI Study Neural circuitry of emotional face processing in autism spectrum disorders (2010):
Brain-imaging (fMRI) study examining how the brain circuits for processing emotional faces work in autistic people.
2010 Source ↗ -
Martin, J. S., Poirier, M., & Bowler, D. M. (2010). Brief report: Impaired temporal reproduction performance in adults with autism spectrum disorder. *Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders*, 40(5), 640–646. [Link]()
Brief research report finding that autistic adults had difficulty accurately reproducing time intervals compared to non-autistic adults.
2010 DOI ↗ -
Cacioppo, Fowler & Christakis (2009) — Loneliness contagion, Framingham Heart Study. *J. Personality and Social Psychology.*
Famous social psychology study using Framingham Heart Study data showing loneliness spreads through social networks like a contagion.
2009 -
Richdale, A. L., & Schreck, K. A. (2009). Sleep problems in autism spectrum disorders: Prevalence, nature, & possible biopsychosocial aetiologies. *Sleep Medicine Reviews*, 13(6), 403–411. [Link]()
Review article summarising how common sleep problems are in autism, what forms they take, and their possible biological and psychological causes.
2009 DOI ↗ -
Souders, M. C., Mason, T. B., Valladares, O., et al. (2009). Sleep behaviors and sleep quality in children with autism spectrum disorders. *Sleep*, 32(12), 1566–1578. [Link]()
Peer-reviewed sleep study documenting sleep behaviours and poorer sleep quality in autistic children compared with non-autistic children.
2009 DOI ↗ -
Bilderbeck (2008), Cerebral Cortex 18(7), 1549-1559
Incomplete citation to a 2008 article in the neuroscience journal Cerebral Cortex; the topic is not clear from the reference itself.
2008 -
" The cost of interrupted work: More speed and stress" by Gloria Mark (2008)
Workplace research by Gloria Mark finding that interrupted workers compensate by working faster, at the cost of increased stress.
2008 -
Attwood, T. (2007). The Complete Guide to Asperger’s Syndrome. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Widely used reference book by clinician Tony Attwood covering the characteristics, diagnosis, and support of Asperger's syndrome across the lifespan.
2007 -
South, M., Ozonoff, S., & McMahon, W. M. (2007). Repetitive behavior profiles in Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism. *Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders*, 37(5), 834–846. [Link]()
Peer-reviewed study comparing patterns of repetitive behaviours between people with Asperger syndrome and those with high-functioning autism.
2007 DOI ↗ -
Happé, F., & Frith, U. (2006). The weak coherence account: Detail-focused cognitive style in autism spectrum disorders. *Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders*, 36(1), 5–25. [Link]()
Influential theory paper proposing that autistic thinking favours fine detail over the bigger picture, known as weak central coherence.
2006 DOI ↗ -
Knickmeyer, R., Baron-Cohen, S., Raggatt, P., Taylor, K., & Hackett, G. (2006). Foetal testosterone and empathy. *Hormones and Behavior*, 49(3), 282–292. [Link]()
Peer-reviewed study examining whether testosterone levels before birth are linked to later empathy, part of Baron-Cohen's hormone research programme.
2006 DOI ↗ -
Monotropism theory: Murray, Lesser & Lawson (2005)
Foundational paper proposing monotropism: the idea that autistic attention naturally concentrates on fewer interests at a time, more intensely.
Cited in: Is Masking Ruining Your Relationship? 2005 -
"Attention, monotropism and the diagnostic criteria for autism" by D. Murray, Michael L. Lesser, and Wendy Lawson (2005)
The original monotropism paper, arguing that a narrow, intense focus of attention can explain the diagnostic features of autism.
2005 -
Brady-Fryer B, Wiebe N, Lander JA (2004). Pain relief for neonatal circumcision (Cochrane). CDSR.
Cochrane systematic review evaluating the evidence on pain relief methods used during newborn circumcision.
2004 -
Müller, E., Schuler, A., Burton, B. A., & Yates, G. B. (2003). Meeting the vocational support needs of individuals with Asperger syndrome and other autism spectrum disabilities. *Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation*, 18(3), 163–175. [Link]()
Journal article on the job-support needs of adults with Asperger syndrome and other autism spectrum conditions in vocational rehabilitation.
2003 Source ↗ -
Manning, J. T., Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., & Sanders, G. (2001). The 2nd to 4th digit ratio and autism. *Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology*, 43(3), 160–164. [Link]()
Peer-reviewed study investigating whether finger length ratio, a proposed marker of prenatal hormone exposure, is associated with autism.
2001 DOI ↗ -
& Nemeroff (1986), Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50(4), 703-712
Incomplete citation to a 1986 article in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology; the topic is unclear from the reference.
1986 -
Life positions: Harris, I'm OK – You're OK (1967)
Popular psychology book by Thomas Harris describing four basic 'life positions' people take toward themselves and others, based on transactional analysis.
Cited in: Is Masking Ruining Your Relationship? 1967 -
Clip from "Class System" with John Cleese and Ronnie Barker and Ronnie Corbet. (1966)
Classic 1966 British comedy sketch satirising the class system, featuring John Cleese, Ronnie Barker, and Ronnie Corbett.
Cited in:
Everyone Gets Autism Levels Wrong 1966 -
The "Yes, but" game: Berne, E. (1964), Games People Play
Eric Berne's bestselling book on transactional analysis, cited here for the 'Yes, but' game, a repeating pattern where advice is invited then rejected.
1964 -
TA games and intimacy: Berne, Games People Play (1964)
Eric Berne's bestselling book on transactional analysis, cited here for its account of social 'games' people play instead of genuine intimacy.
Cited in: Is Masking Ruining Your Relationship? 1964 -
Cronbach & Meehl (1955), the old paper on construct validity, i.e. how science decides something invisible is real
Classic psychology paper on construct validity: how researchers establish that an unobservable concept, like a mental trait, is scientifically real.
1955 -
Uta Frith in New Scientist, "Why autism pioneer Uta Frith wants to dismantle the spectrum" (May 2026)
New Scientist magazine interview in which pioneering autism researcher Uta Frith argues the single 'spectrum' concept should be broken apart.
-
And earlier, in the TES: "Uta Frith: why I no longer think autism is a spectrum" (March 2026)
Earlier TES magazine piece (March 2026) in which pioneering autism researcher Uta Frith explains why she no longer thinks autism should be called a spectrum.
-
Fyfe et al., the big Swedish sex-ratio study (BMJ, 2026)
Large Swedish study by Fyfe and colleagues in the BMJ (2026) examining the ratio of males to females among autism diagnoses.
-
The Tab (April 2026) — "Love on the Spectrum has 'no plans' to start paying the cast" —
News article from The Tab reporting that Love on the Spectrum has no plans to pay its cast, citing a loophole that allows this.
-
Netflix Tudum — Love on the Spectrum Season 4 official page —
Netflix's official Tudum promotional page for Love on the Spectrum Season 4, covering its release date and cast announcements.
-
Netflix Tudum — Co-creators Cian O'Clery and Karina Holden interview —
Netflix Tudum interview with Cian O'Clery and Karina Holden, the co-creators of Love on the Spectrum, about making the show.
-
IndieWire (March 2024) — "Netflix's Disability Dating Shows Need to Be Rethought" —
IndieWire commentary piece arguing that Netflix's dating shows featuring disabled people, including Love on the Spectrum, need to be rethought.
-
Rotten Tomatoes — Love on the Spectrum US Season 4 —
Rotten Tomatoes page collecting critic and audience ratings for Season 4 of Love on the Spectrum US.
-
Down for Love — Netflix —
Netflix's official page for Down for Love, another reality dating series cited for comparison with Love on the Spectrum.
-
Uta Frith TES Interview (4 March 2026):
TES magazine interview (March 2026) in which autism researcher Uta Frith argues that autism should no longer be understood as a spectrum.
-
Attwood & Garnett Response:
Blog response from clinicians Tony Attwood and Michelle Garnett giving their professional reaction to Uta Frith's controversial interview.
-
Dr Sue Franklin Response (TES):
TES analysis piece by Dr Sue Franklin arguing that Uta Frith is wrong about girls and autism.
-
Dazed (Oct 2025). Why are men fetishising autistic women on dating apps?:
Dazed magazine article (October 2025) investigating why some men fetishise autistic women on dating apps like Bumble and Hinge.
-
Epigram (Mar 2026). My autism should not be why you want to date me:
First-person piece in student newspaper Epigram by an autistic writer arguing her autism should not be someone's reason for dating her.
-
PressPeaK. Diagnosis Or Dating Appeal?:
PressPeaK commentary piece titled 'Diagnosis Or Dating Appeal?' discussing how autism is presented in the dating world.
-
Bournemouth University / Dr Rachel Moseley (Feb 2026) — Faster diagnosis reduces suicide risk
Bournemouth University research led by Dr Rachel Moseley reporting that faster autism diagnosis reduces suicide risk.
-
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-35833997
BBC News health-section article cited in a video discussing autism diagnosis and suicide risk.
-
🔗 *Explore the Manx Crosses in 3D:*
Manx National Heritage's Sketchfab page offering interactive 3D models of the historic Manx Crosses from the Isle of Man.
-
Blog Post: Starr, R.J. — Loneliness & neuroimaging review. [profrjstarr.com]()
Blog post by Professor R.J. Starr reviewing brain-imaging research on loneliness.
-
The Buckland Review of Autism Employment (Feb 2024):
UK government review (February 2024) led by Sir Robert Buckland examining autistic people's employment, with recommendations for improving it.
-
DWP - The Employment of Disabled People 2025:
Official UK government statistics from the Department for Work and Pensions on the employment of disabled people, published in 2025.
-
CDC ADDM Network Data (intellectual disability co-occurrence):
CDC surveillance data from the ADDM Network on how often intellectual disability co-occurs with autism among children in the US.
-
Reddit: r/AmIOverreacting — “AIO: My girlfriend is pretending to be autistic”:
Reddit discussion thread in which a poster asks whether they are overreacting to believing their girlfriend is pretending to be autistic.
-
National Autistic Society response to Tice:
Official statement from the National Autistic Society responding to comments about autism made by MP Richard Tice.
-
DfE High Needs Funding 2025–26 – operational guide:
Department for Education operational guide explaining how high needs funding for special educational needs in England works for 2025-26.
-
2024:
A 2024 study in the journal Healthcare finding that physical contact with comfort objects helped college students' bodies recover from stress.
-
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9213348/
A 2021 mixed-methods study of autistic adults' own descriptions of sensory experiences, finding sensory differences were near-universal and shaped health and wellbeing.
-
2020: (Elevated rates of autism, other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diagnoses, and autistic traits in transgender and gender-diverse individuals)
Large 2020 study in Nature Communications finding autism and autistic traits are notably more common among transgender and gender-diverse people.
-
2024: (A Systematic Review of Gender Dysphoria Measures in Autistic Samples)
A 2024 systematic review examining how well existing questionnaires measure gender dysphoria when used with autistic people.
-
2024: (A comparison of gender diversity in transgender young people with and without autistic traits from the Trans 20 cohort study):
A 2024 cohort study comparing gender diversity in transgender young people with and without autistic traits, from Australia's Trans 20 project.
-
2025: (Gender on the Spectrum: Prevalence of Gender Diversity in Autism Spectrum Disorder—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis):
A 2025 systematic review and meta-analysis estimating how common gender diversity is among autistic people across published studies.
-
National Health Service (NHS). What Is Autism?
The UK National Health Service's plain-language introduction explaining what autism is and what it means for daily life.
-
National Autistic Society. Masking (Camouflaging) Autistic Traits.
Guidance from the UK's National Autistic Society explaining masking, where autistic people hide or suppress their traits to fit in.
-
Regression in autism (Medical News Today, 2024):
A Medical News Today health article explaining what regression means in autism and why skills can appear to be lost.
-
Autistic Burnout, "Regression" Blog / (Autistic Science Person, 2018):
A personal blog post by an autistic writer describing burnout, apparent loss of skills, and the identity crisis that can follow.
-
Defining Autistic Burnout (Raymaker, et al. 2019):
The influential Raymaker study that formally defined autistic burnout from autistic adults' own accounts of chronic exhaustion and loss of skills.
-
Reframing Autism (coming home to yourself):
A supportive resource from Australian charity Reframing Autism for adults processing a new autism diagnosis or self-identification.
-
Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults accounts of sensory experiences and stimming (Charlton R, 2021):
A 2021 peer-reviewed study comparing how autistic and non-autistic adults describe their sensory experiences and stimming behaviours.
-
What New Research Reveals about Autism, Stimming and Touch (University of Rochester, 2025):
A University of Rochester news article summarising 2025 research on autism, stimming, and the sense of touch.
-
Realizing a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder as an adult (Lewis, 2016):
A 2016 peer-reviewed study exploring what it is like to discover and come to terms with an autism diagnosis as an adult.
-
Beyond self-regulation: Autistic experiences and perceptions of stimming (Morris, 2025):
A 2025 peer-reviewed study of autistic people's own views on stimming, suggesting it means more than just self-regulation.
-
r/autism subreddit:
A large Reddit community where autistic people and their families share experiences, questions, and support; not a research source.
-
JAMA Pediatrics:
A 2023 JAMA Pediatrics study finding about 37% of toddlers diagnosed with autism no longer met diagnostic criteria by school age.
-
Narcissistic Personality Disorder:
An American Psychiatric Association blog post explaining what narcissistic personality disorder is and how it is diagnosed.
-
1992 article on Rimland:
A 1992 Los Angeles Times profile of Bernard Rimland, the psychologist and autism researcher, offering historical context.
-
Life expectancy and years of life lost (please don't read this and fret or worry - see my timestamp at 17:22):
A peer-reviewed study estimating life expectancy and years of life lost in autistic people; the video urges viewers not to panic over it.
-
Mortality in autism (predictors over a 20 year period):
A peer-reviewed study tracking autistic people over 20 years to identify factors that predicted higher mortality.
-
"The meltdown pathway":
A recent peer-reviewed study examining how autistic meltdowns build and unfold, described in the video as the meltdown pathway.
-
National Autistic Society UK statement:
A policy statement from the UK's National Autistic Society responding to claims that autism is being overdiagnosed.
-
https://www.england.nhs.uk/publication/health-and-care-passports/
NHS England's official page on health and care passports, documents that tell healthcare staff about a person's needs and communication preferences.
-
https://leaflets.ekhuft.nhs.uk/s3/assets/easysite-leaflets/healthcare-passport-march-2023-editable.pdf
An editable healthcare passport template from an NHS trust in Kent that patients can fill in to communicate their needs to hospital staff.
-
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9135388/
Peer-reviewed survey study finding autistic adults report markedly poorer-quality healthcare and worse health than non-autistic adults.
-
NHS England: Autistic adults unable to access proactive and effective mental health care:
NHS England report acknowledging that many autistic adults cannot access effective mental health care, sometimes leading to long hospital stays.
-
"Anxiety Disorders in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Population-Based Study" -
Population-based study examining how frequently anxiety disorders occur among autistic adults.
Cited in:
What if Autism Isn't the Problem? 🤔 -
"Anxiety" - National Autistic Society -
Advice page from the UK's National Autistic Society explaining anxiety in autistic people and offering practical guidance on managing it.
Cited in: What if Autism Isn't the Problem? 🤔 -
"Sociodemographic Factors, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, and Risk of Bullying Exposure" - JAMA Pediatrics -
Study in JAMA Pediatrics examining how neurodevelopmental conditions and demographic factors affect children's risk of being bullied.
Cited in: What if Autism Isn't the Problem? 🤔 -
Additional research on environmental factors affecting autism from NCBI:
Book chapter reviewing evidence that autistic people face higher risk of trauma, why it often goes unrecognised, and adapted treatments.
Cited in: What if Autism Isn't the Problem? 🤔 -
(21)01541-5/fulltext
The 2022 Lancet Commission report by international experts on improving autism care and research, which proposed the term 'profound autism'.
Cited in:
What exactly is "Profound Autism"? -
https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361317706172
Article in the peer-reviewed journal Autism (SAGE); the cited DOI no longer resolves, so its exact subject cannot be confirmed.
-
(The Lancet - the first study of its kind!) - (23)00045-5/fulltext#
2023 Lancet Regional Health Europe population study assessing how many autistic people in England remain undiagnosed, the first of its kind.
-
Gender differences in parent-reported age at diagnosis of children -
Peer-reviewed study using parent reports to examine whether autistic girls are diagnosed at different ages than boys.
-
NHS England Digital - "Autism Statistics, January to December 2023" -
Official NHS England statistical publication reporting autism assessment referrals and waiting times across 2023.
-
ICD-11:
The World Health Organization's international diagnostic manual, which contains the official criteria used worldwide to diagnose autism.
-
Monotropic Theory (Murray, Lesser, Lawson, 2005):
Influential 2005 paper proposing monotropism, the theory that autistic attention concentrates intensely on fewer interests at a time.
-
https://reports.ofsted.gov.uk/provider/23/148327
Official Ofsted inspection report page for Werneth School, the Stockport secondary school discussed in the video.
-
Heuristics -
Plain-language explainer from The Decision Lab on heuristics, the mental shortcuts people use to make quick decisions.
-
Understanding self-reported difficulties in decision-making by people with autism spectrum disorder -
Peer-reviewed study exploring why autistic people say they find decision-making difficult and which situations cause the most trouble.
-
https://www.mencap.org.uk/learning-disability-explained/what-learning-disability
Plain-English guide from the UK charity Mencap explaining what a learning disability is and how it affects daily life.
-
https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/intellectual-disability/what-is-intellectual-disability
American Psychiatric Association information page defining intellectual disability and explaining how it is diagnosed.
-
https://via.library.depaul.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1270&context=law-review
DePaul Law Review article tracing IQ testing's origins in the eugenics movement and its implications for intellectual-disability court cases.
-
https://bigthink.com/the-well/classes-of-intelligence/
Popular-science essay from Big Think discussing the idea that intelligence comes in different classes or types.
-
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10803-019-04361-7
Study in the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (Springer); the cited link no longer resolves, so specifics cannot be confirmed.
-
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6647620/
The link leads to a 2011 laboratory study on blood-group genetics in Brazilian blood donors, seemingly unrelated to the video's topic.
-
https://medium.com/incerto/iq-is-largely-a-pseudoscientific-swindle-f131c101ba39
Essay by Nassim Nicholas Taleb arguing that IQ is a pseudoscientific measure with little real-world validity.
-
https://www.neurodiversityhub.org/
Website of the Neurodiversity Hub, an initiative providing resources to support neurodivergent students and job-seekers.
-
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raven%27s_Progressive_Matrices
Wikipedia entry on Raven's Progressive Matrices, a nonverbal pattern-based test widely used to measure reasoning ability.
-
https://sites.ed.gov/idea/
Official U.S. Department of Education site for IDEA, the federal law guaranteeing special-education services to children with disabilities.
-
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss6302a1.htm
CDC surveillance report (2014) from its monitoring network estimating autism prevalence at roughly 1 in 68 American eight-year-olds.
-
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10803-010-1174-9
Hypothesis paper in the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (2011) proposing stem-cell (c-Kit+ cell) transplantation as a possible autism treatment.
-
http://www.danieltammet.net/
Personal website of Daniel Tammet, an autistic savant and author known for extraordinary memory and calculation abilities.
-
https://www.simplypsychology.org/multiple-intelligences.html
SimplyPsychology explainer of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences theory, the idea that intelligence comes in several distinct forms rather than one.
-
https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/mar/15/science.research
A 2004 article from The Guardian's science section; the bare link doesn't state its subject, cited in a video about autism and intelligence.
-
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-distributions-of-Autism-Spectrum-Quotient-AQ-scores-by-the-four-groups-males-and_fig2_263971492
ResearchGate figure showing how Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) questionnaire scores are distributed across four groups of males and females.
-
Greg Locke -
Baptist News Global opinion piece condemning pastor Greg Locke for claiming that autism is demon possession.
-
Evangelical pastor demands churchgoers ditch their masks:
Washington Post news report (2021) on Tennessee pastor Greg Locke demanding that his churchgoers stop wearing masks.
-
Salt&Light Each person is a perfect gift from God:
Christian outlet Salt&Light's profile of a Bethel Church healing pastor and father of a disabled daughter who calls every person a perfect gift from God.
-
Social model of disability (Scope):
UK disability charity Scope's explainer of the social model of disability: people are disabled by barriers in society, not by their differences.
-
The Vatican is cracking down on miracles. (Philip C. Almond):
The Conversation article by religion scholar Philip C. Almond explaining the Vatican's stricter new rules for judging claimed miracles and supernatural events.
-
Pastor removed from school board after autism 'demonic' remarks (The Jerusalem Post):
Jerusalem Post news report on a pastor removed from a school board after describing autism as demonic.
-
https://www.autism.org.uk/advice-and-guidance/topics/sensory-differences/sensory-differences/all-audiences
National Autistic Society guidance page describing the sensory differences autistic people experience and ways to accommodate them.
-
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265033580_Using_Visual_Supports_With_Young_Children_With_Autism_Spectrum_Disorder
Research paper on using visual supports, such as pictures and schedules, to help young autistic children communicate and understand routines.
-
https://www.autism.org.uk/advice-and-guidance/topics/behaviour/obsessions/all-audiences#H2_2
National Autistic Society guidance page on autistic people's intense interests and obsessions and how to support them.
-
https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2015-21350-002
Record of a peer-reviewed psychology study in the APA PsycNet database (2015); the bare link doesn't reveal the study's specific topic.
-
The double empathy problem (via the National Autistic Society explainer):
National Autistic Society explainer of the double empathy problem: misunderstanding between autistic and non-autistic people runs in both directions, not just one.
Cited in:
Why Joe Rogan Is Wrong About Autism -
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4695779/
History article in Behavioral Sciences (2015) recounting how science and activism led psychiatry to remove homosexuality from the DSM in 1973.
-
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311908.2019.1641258?src=recsys
Cogent Psychology article (2019) questioning whether long-term, compliance-focused ABA therapy for autistic people amounts to abuse.
-
1 in 36:
CDC autism data page reporting that about 1 in 36 U.S. children are identified as autistic.
-
National Autistic Society Community:
National Autistic Society page describing its online community, a forum where autistic people and their families connect and share support.
-
https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/medical-devices-news-and-events/fda-proposes-new-ban-electrical-stimulation-devices-self-injurious-or-aggressive-behavior
FDA announcement proposing to ban electrical stimulation devices used to shock people in order to stop self-injurious or aggressive behavior.
-
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/nov/16/judge-rotenberg-center-massachusetts-electric-shocks
Guardian news report (2018) on the Judge Rotenberg Center in Massachusetts, a facility that uses electric shocks on disabled residents.
-
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autism_Science_Foundation
Wikipedia entry on the Autism Science Foundation, a nonprofit that funds and promotes autism research.
-
https://www.reddit.com/r/AmItheAsshole/comments/s3jnfq/aita_for_throwing_away_my_autistic_best_friends/
A Reddit 'Am I the Asshole' thread in which someone asks whether throwing away their autistic best friend's belongings was wrong.
-
https://www.reddit.com/r/AmItheAsshole/comments/if92ln/aita_for_making_my_daughter_put_her_stuffed_toy/
A Reddit 'Am I the Asshole' thread from a parent questioned over making their daughter part with her stuffed toy.
-
https://www.reddit.com/r/AmItheAsshole/comments/k1oal0/aita_for_throwing_away_my_girlfriends_blanket/
A Reddit 'Am I the Asshole' thread about someone who threw away their girlfriend's blanket, a cherished comfort object.
-
Reputation and Publication Volume at MDPI and Frontiers:
A Scholarly Kitchen commentary examining the reputations and enormous publication volumes of the academic publishers MDPI and Frontiers.
-
IntellxxDNA Powers Groundbreaking Child Health Study:
A company press release announcing that IntellxxDNA's genomics product is being used in a Documenting Hope child health study.
-
Autism Parenting Secrets Podcast:
The website of the 'Autism Parenting Secrets' podcast, a show marketed to parents of autistic children.
-
Journal of Personalized Medicine LinkedIn:
The LinkedIn company page for MDPI's Journal of Personalized Medicine, showing how the journal presents itself publicly.
-
Building Biology Institute (5G):
A Building Biology Institute page offering a course on 5G and electromagnetic radiation.
-
Allostatic Overload and Disease Development:
A peer-reviewed article on allostatic overload, the idea that chronic stress can overwhelm the body's systems and contribute to disease.
-
Allostatic overload results when attempts,to the development of disease:
A foundational medical paper describing how the body's stress responses, when pushed into overload, can lead to the development of disease.
-
'Anything but the phone!': Communication mode preferences in the autism community:
A 2021 study in the journal Autism on communication preferences, reflecting that many autistic people would choose almost any mode over phone calls.
Cited in:
☎️ Do Autistic People Hate Phonecalls? 🛑 -
“Developmental dyspraxia is not limited to imitation in children with autism spectrum disorders”: )
A neuropsychology study finding that motor-coordination difficulties (dyspraxia) in autistic children extend beyond trouble imitating other people's movements.
-
Dyspraxia and Autism Traits in Adults (Molecular Autism):
A Molecular Autism study examining dyspraxia in adults and how it relates to autistic traits.
-
“Co-occurrence of motor problems and autistic symptoms in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder” (This study has problematic wording):
A study reporting that motor problems and autistic traits often occur together in children with ADHD; the bibliography flags its problematic wording.
-
Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) (NHS):
The UK National Health Service's plain-language overview of developmental coordination disorder, also known as dyspraxia.
-
Avoiding Ableist Language: Suggestions for Autism Researchers:
A journal article offering autism researchers practical suggestions for replacing ableist language with more respectful wording.
-
Bernard Rimland, 78; author was the father of modern autism research (NOT MY WORDS):
A 2006 Los Angeles Times obituary of Bernard Rimland that dubs him the father of modern autism research — the newspaper's phrase, not the channel's.
-
r/evilautism:
The r/evilautism subreddit, an irreverent online community where autistic people joke about and embrace autistic experiences.
-
Development and Validation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q):
The study that created and validated the CAT-Q, a questionnaire measuring how much a person camouflages or masks autistic traits.
-
National Autistic Society Guide to Stimming:
The UK National Autistic Society's guide explaining what stimming is and why autistic people do it.
-
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0191886918300941?via%3Dihub
A 2018 study in Personality and Individual Differences examining how autistic traits and theory of mind relate to judging inappropriate flirting or courtship.
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273328532_The_Verbal_and_Nonverbal_Correlates_of_the_Five_Flirting_Styles
A research paper identifying how each of five distinct flirting styles shows up in people's words and body language.
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6394586/
The published CAT-Q paper showing that camouflaging (masking) of autistic traits can be reliably measured in autistic and non-autistic adults.
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36601640/
A survey study titled 'Masking Is Life' comparing experiences of masking among autistic, otherwise-neurodivergent, and neurotypical adults.
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https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1750946715300118
A 2016 interview study of autistic teenage girls describing the social coping strategies, including masking, they use to fit in.
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1693117
A 2003 study by Simon Baron-Cohen's team introducing the Systemizing Quotient, finding autistic adults show an unusually strong drive to analyse and build systems.
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23025641
A 2012 study analysing internet forum posts to compare how autistic and neurotypical people experience and talk about their special interests and hobbies.
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https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2006-03090-006
A peer-reviewed psychology article from around 2006 catalogued in the American Psychological Association's PsycNet database; full details are not publicly viewable.
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31468149/
A ten-year follow-up study finding that autistic traits in young people with ADHD predicted greater mental health difficulties and poorer social, educational, and cognitive outcomes.
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https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1087054712466914
A pilot study in the Journal of Attention Disorders finding that people with ADHD scored higher than a control group on several measures of sensitivity to injustice.
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https://www.autism.org.uk/advice-and-guidance/topics/behaviour/demand-avoidance
The National Autistic Society's guidance page explaining demand avoidance and the PDA (pathological demand avoidance) profile, with advice on recognising and supporting it.
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https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2023.1179015/full
A 2023 study of adults finding that anxiety, and difficulty tolerating uncertainty, are strong predictors of demand-avoidant behaviour that persists into adulthood.
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12818906/
Elizabeth Newson's influential 2003 paper proposing pathological demand avoidance (PDA) as a distinct condition, based on her case series of children.
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https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/development-and-psychopathology/article/abs/emotional-contagion-in-children-with-autism-spectrum-disorder-varies-with-stimulus-familiarity-and-task-instructions/E23E3FB9113D17BC8A1CB49D24BDCDBA
A study finding autistic children do pick up on other people's emotions, with responses varying by how familiar the person is and the task instructions given.
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https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1998-04530-009
A peer-reviewed psychology article from around 1998 catalogued in the American Psychological Association's PsycNet database; full details are not publicly viewable.
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28255761/
A 2017 statistical modelling study identifying distinct pathways linking ADHD traits like impulsivity and inattention to autistic social differences, helping explain why the conditions overlap.
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https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1750946716300769
A 2016 study in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders examining how commonly children diagnosed with autism also have ADHD.
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https://sparkforautism.org/discover_article/autism-lgbtq-identity/
A plain-language article from the SPARK autism research project summarising evidence that autistic people are considerably more likely than non-autistic people to identify as LGBTQ.
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https://www.hindawi.com/journals/oti/2017/7534972/
A 2017 case-series study of deep pressure therapy for autistic young people with intellectual disabilities, finding immediate calming benefits for some but wide individual variation.
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https://www.autism.org.uk/what-we-do/news/new-data-on-the-autism-employment-gap
A National Autistic Society news release reporting UK figures showing only around 22% of autistic adults are in any kind of paid employment.
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Office of National Statistics (UK):
The UK Office for National Statistics' 2021 report on outcomes for disabled people, covering employment, education, and wellbeing, including data on autistic adults.
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https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/2/e056904#
A 2022 BMJ Open study finding autistic adults report far more barriers to accessing healthcare, and more adverse health outcomes, than non-autistic adults.
Cited in:
FIVE Downsides of Adult Autism Diagnosis -
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00406-020-01189-w
A 2022 study of adults newly diagnosed with autism finding a median 11-year gap since first seeking mental health care, with many previously misdiagnosed with other conditions.
Cited in: FIVE Downsides of Adult Autism Diagnosis -
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11920-019-1006-3
A 2019 review in Current Psychiatry Reports on autism in women, describing how differences in presentation lead to late or missed diagnoses and affect treatment.
Cited in: FIVE Downsides of Adult Autism Diagnosis
Built automatically from the reference lists in each video's description. Spotted an error or a missing source? Let us know.